What Is Personal Injury Protection (PIP) Insurance?

Are You Eligible for PIP After an Injury in DC?

Personal Injury Protection (PIP) is an optional auto insurance coverage in Washington, DC that pays for medical expenses, lost wages, and other costs after a car accident — regardless of who caused the crash. DC does not require PIP, but insurers must offer it by law. If you carry PIP and are injured, you have 60 days to elect benefits or preserve your right to pursue a fault-based claim against the other driver. That decision affects your entire case.

At Regan Zambri Long, three of our named partners are board-certified trial lawyers, and our Washington, DC car accident attorneys have guided injured clients through DC’s PIP system for nearly three decades — challenging delayed or denied claims, advising on the election before the deadline passes, and coordinating PIP with health insurance to close payment gaps. Our results include a $14 million car accident settlement and a $15 million settlement for a paralyzed crash victim, backed by over 160 five-star Google reviews.

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What PIP Covers in Washington, DC

PIP is designed to cover the immediate financial consequences of a car accident, regardless of fault. In DC, PIP benefits may include:
  • Medical and Rehabilitation Expenses: PIP typically covers expenses related to injuries sustained in a car accident, including hospital bills, doctor’s visits, surgery, rehabilitation, and other necessary medical treatments. DC’s minimum PIP coverage provides up to $50,000 per person per accident for medical and rehabilitation costs.
  • Lost Wages: If your injuries prevent you from working, PIP may replace a portion of your income. DC’s minimum coverage provides up to $12,000 per accident in work-loss benefits.
  • Funeral Expenses: In the event of a fatal accident, PIP may cover funeral expenses up to $4,000, subject to DC’s minimum coverage limits.
  • Essential services: Some PIP policies reimburse costs for services you can no longer perform due to your injuries, such as childcare or household maintenance.
The average PIP claim in the United States is approximately $7,901, which illustrates how even moderate injuries can consume a significant portion of available benefits in a short period.

How Does PIP Election Work in Washington, DC?

If you carry PIP coverage and are injured in a DC car accident, you have 60 days from the date of the accident to formally decide whether to receive PIP benefits. This is not a formality; it’s a binding legal election with consequences for the rest of your case.

If you elect PIP within 60 days, your insurer begins paying covered expenses promptly, without waiting for a fault determination. However, your right to file a lawsuit against the at-fault driver becomes restricted. You can only sue if your injuries meet at least one of DC’s severity thresholds:

  • Your medical expenses or lost wages exceed your PIP policy limits
  • Your injuries include permanent scarring or disfigurement
  • Your injuries caused a substantial, medically provable permanent impairment that affects your ability to work or perform daily activities
  • Your injuries prevented you from performing normal daily activities for more than 180 consecutive days

If you do not elect PIP within 60 days, DC law treats you as having chosen to pursue a third-party liability claim against the at-fault driver instead. You won’t receive PIP benefits, but you are not subject to the severity thresholds.

This is why the election decision should never be made without legal advice. In the first 60 days after an accident, you may not yet know the full extent of your injuries, and electing PIP too early could limit your ability to pursue a larger claim later. Conversely, skipping PIP when your injuries are moderate could mean losing access to immediate benefits you need. For a broader explanation of DC’s choice-based insurance system and why this election exists, see our page on whether DC is a no-fault car accident jurisdiction.

Do You Need PIP if You Already Have Health Insurance in DC?

Many DC drivers assume PIP is unnecessary if they already have health insurance. The two types of coverage overlap in some areas but serve different purposes.

Health insurance covers medical treatment, but it typically requires deductibles, copayments, and prior authorizations that can delay access to care. Health insurance also does not cover lost wages, funeral costs, or essential household services, all of which PIP can address.

PIP can also fill gaps left by health insurance. If your health plan requires you to pay a deductible before coverage begins, PIP may cover those out-of-pocket costs. If your health insurer requires authorization before approving certain treatments, PIP can provide faster access to care during the critical early weeks after an accident.

In some cases, PIP and health insurance may coordinate benefits, meaning PIP pays first and health insurance covers remaining costs, or vice versa. How this coordination works depends on the specific terms of both policies, which is another reason to review your coverage with an attorney after an accident.

Can You Sue After Exhausting PIP Coverage in DC?

PIP is designed for immediate relief, not full compensation. DC’s minimum coverage limits, $50,000 for medical expenses, $12,000 for lost wages, can be exhausted quickly in serious accidents involving surgery, extended hospital stays, or long-term rehabilitation.
When PIP runs out, the question is whether your injuries meet the severity thresholds that allow you to pursue a fault-based claim against the other driver. If they do, you can seek compensation for the full range of your damages, including amounts that exceed your PIP limits, pain and suffering, loss of earning capacity, and other non-economic losses.
This is where PIP and DC’s contributory negligence rules intersect. PIP benefits are paid regardless of fault, but once you step outside the PIP system and file a liability claim, the other driver’s insurer will scrutinize whether you share any responsibility for the crash. If they can establish contributory negligence, your fault-based claim could be barred entirely, even though your PIP benefits were unaffected.

A Regan Zambri Long attorney can evaluate whether your injuries are likely to exceed your PIP limits, advise you on the election decision, and build the fault record needed to protect a future liability claim if one becomes necessary.

Why Choose Regan Zambri Long for Your DC PIP Claim

PIP claims seem straightforward on the surface: file with your own insurer, get paid. In practice, insurers delay payments, dispute whether treatments are accident-related, and push low settlements that don’t reflect the full cost of your injuries. When your PIP benefits run out, and you need to pursue a fault-based claim, the stakes get even higher in a contributory negligence jurisdiction like DC.

At Regan Zambri Long, our attorneys handle PIP from the day of the accident, filing claims, challenging delays or denials, and building the medical documentation needed to support a liability claim if your injuries exceed your coverage. We front all case costs and bring in medical experts to establish lasting harm when insurers try to minimize your injuries.

With nearly 200 years of combined experience, our firm has recovered over $1 billion in settlements and verdicts for personal injury victims. Senior partner Salvatore Zambri is named among DC’s Top 10 Super Lawyers and has been honored on Washingtonian Magazine’s Top Lawyers Lifetime Achievement Honor Roll. Patrick Regan and Paul Cornoni join him among the Top 100 Super Lawyers out of the city’s 80,000 lawyers. Senior partner Victor Long was recently appointed Chair of the DC Court of Appeals Client Security Trust Fund, which safeguards client trust funds and oversees restitution for victims of attorney misconduct. All six partners are named to Lawdragon’s 500 Leading Plaintiff Consumer Lawyers in the United States and featured in Best Lawyers in America, with three partners named Lawyer of the Year for their practice areas.

If your PIP coverage isn’t enough to cover your losses, contact Regan Zambri Long today for a free consultation.. 

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